Question 1

How many downlights do I need in a room?

Accepted Answer

As a general guide, space LED downlights approximately 1-1.5 metres apart and 0.5-0.75 metres from walls. A typical 4m x 5m living room needs 6-8 downlights for ambient lighting. However, a well-designed scheme does not rely solely on downlights — complement them with pendants, wall lights, table lamps, and LED strip to create layers. Over-reliance on downlights creates a flat, institutional feel. A professional lighting designer will calculate the exact number based on room dimensions, ceiling height, reflective surfaces, and intended use.

Question 2

What colour temperature should I choose for home lighting?

Accepted Answer

Colour temperature is measured in Kelvin (K). For living rooms and bedrooms, warm white (2700K-3000K) creates a relaxing, inviting atmosphere. For kitchens, bathrooms, and home offices, neutral white (3500K-4000K) provides clearer, more energising light. Tuneable white LED systems allow you to adjust colour temperature throughout the day — warmer in the evening to support natural sleep cycles, cooler during the day for alertness. Avoid cool white (5000K+) in residential settings as it feels clinical and harsh.

Question 3

Is smart lighting worth the investment?

Accepted Answer

Smart lighting offers convenience, energy savings, and enhanced atmosphere. You can create scenes (e.g. 'dinner', 'movie', 'morning'), automate lighting based on time of day or occupancy, and control lights remotely. Energy savings from automated schedules and dimming can be significant — dimming LEDs to 50% reduces energy consumption by approximately 40%. Entry-level smart bulbs start at £15-£20 each, while whole-house systems with dedicated smart switches cost £2,000-£10,000+. For most homeowners, a hybrid approach — smart switches in key rooms with standard LEDs elsewhere — offers the best value.

Question 4

Do LED lights really last 25,000 hours?

Accepted Answer

Quality LEDs from reputable manufacturers do achieve 25,000-50,000 hours in practice, equating to 15-30 years of typical residential use (4-5 hours daily). However, cheap unbranded LEDs may degrade faster, losing brightness or developing colour shift within a few years. The LED driver (the electronic component that regulates power) is usually the component that fails first. Look for LEDs with a 5-year warranty minimum and drivers rated for 50,000 hours. Avoid installing LEDs in enclosed fittings without adequate ventilation, as heat buildup accelerates degradation.

Question 5

Can I retrofit LED lighting without rewiring?

Accepted Answer

In most cases, yes. LED GU10 and bayonet/screw-fit bulbs can directly replace halogen and incandescent bulbs in existing fittings. However, you may need to replace your dimmer switches with LED-compatible dimmers to avoid flickering. Retrofitting recessed downlights is also straightforward — LED downlight modules fit into existing ceiling cut-outs. For more significant upgrades such as adding new lighting circuits, LED strip installations, or smart lighting systems, some rewiring will be necessary and should be carried out by a qualified electrician.

Question 6

How much does it cost to install new lighting in a UK home?

Accepted Answer

Costs depend on the scope of work. Replacing existing light fittings is relatively inexpensive — an electrician typically charges £40-£70 per hour, and a straightforward fitting swap takes 30-60 minutes per light. Installing new lighting circuits (adding downlights, wall lights, or LED strip where none existed) costs more: budget £500-£2,000 per room for supply and installation. A whole-house LED upgrade for a 3-4 bedroom home costs £1,500-£5,000. A full lighting design with smart controls and high-end fittings can run to £10,000-£25,000 for a whole house. Individual LED downlights cost £15-£50 each, quality pendants £50-£500+, and designer or architectural fittings can exceed £1,000. Get quotes from verified electricians and lighting companies on HouseJester.

Question 7

What is the difference between warm white, cool white, and daylight LEDs?

Accepted Answer

LED colour temperature is measured in Kelvin (K) and dramatically affects a room's atmosphere. Warm white (2700K-3000K) produces a soft, yellowish light similar to traditional incandescent bulbs — ideal for living rooms, bedrooms, and dining areas where relaxation is the priority. Neutral or cool white (3500K-4500K) is brighter and more energising, suited to kitchens, bathrooms, utility rooms, and home offices. Daylight (5000K-6500K) mimics natural daylight and is best for workshops, garages, and task-heavy areas but feels harsh in residential living spaces. Many modern LEDs are tuneable, allowing you to adjust colour temperature from warm to cool throughout the day to support your circadian rhythm.

Question 8

How do I choose the right dimmer switch for LED lights?

Accepted Answer

LED dimming is more complex than traditional dimming because LEDs use a fraction of the wattage. Standard leading-edge dimmers (designed for incandescent bulbs) can cause LEDs to flicker, buzz, or fail to dim smoothly. You need a trailing-edge dimmer specifically designed for LED loads. Check the minimum load rating — some dimmers require 10W or more, and a single 5W LED will not meet this threshold. Quality trailing-edge dimmers from brands like Varilight, Hamilton, and Lutron typically cost £20-£60. Always check the LED manufacturer's compatibility list. For smart dimming, systems like Lutron Caseta or Philips Hue use purpose-built dimmers that eliminate compatibility issues entirely.

Question 9

What is CRI and why does it matter?

Accepted Answer

CRI (Colour Rendering Index) measures how accurately a light source reveals the true colours of objects, on a scale of 0-100. A CRI of 80 is the minimum acceptable standard for residential lighting. A CRI of 90+ is recommended for living areas, kitchens, and bathrooms where colour accuracy matters — food looks more appetising, skin tones appear more natural, and interior colours are faithfully represented. A CRI of 95+ is ideal for art display, dressing rooms, and colour-critical tasks. Cheap LEDs often have a CRI below 80, which makes colours look washed out and grey. Always check CRI when comparing LED products — it is as important as brightness and colour temperature.

Question 10

How should I light a kitchen effectively?

Accepted Answer

A kitchen needs multiple layers of light. Start with ambient lighting — recessed LED downlights or a central pendant provide overall illumination. Add task lighting under wall cabinets using LED strip or linear fixtures to illuminate worktops (this is essential for food preparation and is required by good kitchen design practice). Include accent lighting inside glass-fronted cabinets or above eye-level units. Finally, decorative lighting — a statement pendant over an island or dining area — adds character. Use separate switching circuits so each layer can be controlled independently. Dimming throughout allows you to transition from bright working light during cooking to softer ambient light for dining and entertaining.

Question 11

What is the best lighting for a home office?

Accepted Answer

Home office lighting should minimise eye strain and maintain alertness. Position your desk so natural light comes from the side (not behind the screen, which causes glare, or directly behind you, which creates shadows). Supplement with a quality desk lamp providing 500 lux at the work surface — look for adjustable colour temperature (4000K for focus, 3000K for relaxation) and a CRI of 90+. Add ambient ceiling lighting at 3500K-4000K to prevent the contrast between a bright desk and a dark room, which causes fatigue. Avoid placing downlights directly above the screen. If you take video calls, a ring light or front-facing soft light provides even, flattering illumination.

Question 12

How does smart lighting work?

Accepted Answer

Smart lighting systems allow you to control lights via a smartphone app, voice assistant (Alexa, Google Home, Apple HomeKit), or automated schedules. There are two main approaches: smart bulbs (e.g. Philips Hue) replace standard bulbs and connect via a bridge or Wi-Fi, and smart switches (e.g. Lutron Caseta) replace traditional wall switches and work with any bulb. Smart switches are generally more reliable and do not require special bulbs, but smart bulbs offer colour-changing capabilities. Both approaches support scenes (preset lighting configurations for different activities), schedules (lights on/off at set times), and occupancy sensing. Whole-house systems like Lutron HomeWorks or Control4 offer the most sophisticated integration but require professional installation.

Question 13

Is it worth getting a professional lighting design?

Accepted Answer

For single rooms, most homeowners can plan lighting themselves with guidance from a specialist retailer. For whole-house projects, new builds, extensions, or high-end renovations, a professional lighting designer is well worth the investment (typically £200-£600 per room). They will ensure the correct light levels for each activity, specify appropriate fittings and lamps, plan switching circuits logically, integrate with architectural features, and create a cohesive atmosphere throughout the home. Common DIY mistakes include over-reliance on downlights (creating a flat, uniform look), incorrect spacing, wrong colour temperature, and insufficient switching control. A designer prevents these issues and often specifies more cost-effective solutions than homeowners choose independently.

Question 14

How can I reduce energy costs with better lighting?

Accepted Answer

Switching entirely to LED saves the most — replacing all halogen and incandescent bulbs with LEDs can reduce lighting energy by 80-90%. A typical 3-bedroom house with 30 light fittings uses approximately £120-£180 per year on lighting with halogens; LEDs reduce this to £15-£25 per year. Adding dimmer controls saves further — dimming LEDs to 50% reduces energy consumption by roughly 40%. Motion sensors in hallways, bathrooms, and external areas ensure lights are not left on unnecessarily. Smart lighting schedules automate switching based on time of day and occupancy. Under the 2026 Future Homes Standard, energy-efficient lighting is factored into a home's overall energy performance rating, potentially affecting its EPC score and resale value.

Question 15

What outdoor lighting should I consider?

Accepted Answer

Outdoor lighting extends your living space and improves security. For pathways and driveways, low-level bollard or path lights (IP65-rated) provide safe navigation. For architectural facades, directional wall-wash lights or uplights highlight textures and features. For gardens, spike-mounted spotlights in planting beds create drama, while overhead festoon lights suit dining and entertaining areas. For security, motion-activated floodlights or smart security lights with cameras deter intruders. All outdoor lighting must be IP65-rated (weatherproof) and installed on its own RCD-protected circuit. Use warm white (2700K-3000K) for atmosphere and restrict brighter, cooler light to security applications. Dark sky-friendly lighting that directs light downwards reduces light pollution and is increasingly specified in planning conditions for rural areas.